Novel23 Chapter 437 - 221 So Where’s the Mission? (6000 Words) _2
Chapter 437 - 221 So Where’s the Mission? (6000 Words) _2
Therefore, in that era, it was naturally not unreasonable to be called a dark cloud.
As for the "second dark cloud"...
It refers to the inconsistency between black body radiation experiments and theories, which is also the most misunderstood point about Kelvin.
The so-called black body, as the name suggests.
It refers to the blackest thing. At that time, because there weren’t gacha games, these unlucky souls were still unknown... alright, sorry, I’m digressing.
In short, the real black body is referred to as a perfect absorber.
That is, it can absorb any wavelength of radiation incident upon it, neither reflecting nor transmitting.
We know.
Besides absorbing and reflecting electromagnetic waves, any object is emitting electromagnetic waves outward.
This kind of radiation is related to the temperature of the object, the type of material, and the surface condition, which is called thermal radiation.
But the black body is an exception:
Its radiation intensity is only related to the temperature.
From the late 19th century to the early 20th century,
scholars faced the black body radiation problem and used Rayleigh’s classical physics dynamics to calculate the relationship between the strength of the black body radiation and energy.
According to the classic physics electromagnetism theory at the time, radiation was continuous.
This brought a serious problem:
When calculating black body radiation, intensity would rise with the frequency of radiation and tend towards emitting infinite energy, and matter would completely decay due to "unrestricted" radiation.
This was obviously inconsistent with real logic and the classical mechanics theory.
This is the second dark cloud.
Also known as the ultraviolet catastrophe, also called the Rayleigh-Jeans catastrophe.
As for what happened later, everyone knows.
The first dark cloud eventually led to the explosion of the theory of relativity revolution.
The second dark cloud eventually led to the explosion of the quantum theory revolution.
By 2022.
The top of physics was already clouded with dark clouds... (Here’s a little game, currently, 25-30 dark clouds are generally recognized. If you can name 10, an extra Chapter will be added. All comments can be accumulated, meaning adding everyone’s answer to reach ten will result in an extra Chapter.)
And at that conference, Kelvin actually specifically pointed out a matter concerning the second dark cloud.
That is, the calculated value of the constant-pressure heat capacity and constant-volume heat capacity ratio of diatomic or polyatomic gases showed a huge discrepancy between theoretical calculation and experimental observation:
"...the obvious deviation observed is absolutely enough to disprove the Boltzmann-Maxwell theory."
"...In fact, the deviation of the Boltzmann-Maxwell theory is even larger than what was just mentioned."
This speech manuscript was kept in the second library of the University of Cambridge, under the category ’Physics’ and ’19th century’.
Therefore, throughout the entire speech.
Kelvin’s attitude was actually very, very cautious, with no intention of underestimating the two dark clouds.
Unfortunately, in the spread of later generations.
Kelvin’s words turned into the anecdote that "the edifice of physics is now complete, and all that remains is to add a few more embellishments"—a sentence he never even said.
The origin of this sentence wasn’t Kelvin, but rather Albert Michelson.
The same Michelson from the first dark cloud, the ’Michelson-Morley experiment.’
In a speech in 1894, he pointed out:
"...It seems safe to say that the grand fundamental laws of physics have been firmly established, unshakable... the future truths of physical sciences are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals."
This sentence was later misattributed to Kelvin, becoming a joke, which is truly a pity.
To some extent.
Kelvin... or rather William Thomson, should be considered one of those destroyed by anecdotes.
There were actually quite a few similar unfortunates in history, clearly good people, but distorted into caricatures.
For example, Pan Jinlian, Yin Zhiping, Yuan Zhen, and Deng Tuzi were all like this.
Returning our sight to the original spot.
From the historical status of William Thomson, he indeed fits the criteria for the halo’s selection.
After all, the father of modern thermodynamics,
Without his existence, many definitions related to temperature in modern times would be hard to unify.
But the problem is...
Now that we know William Thomson’s name, why is there no reaction from the halo?
It must be known.
In the previous two dungeons.
As long as Xu Yun identified the target name of the dungeon, the halo would project the task before his eyes through a light screen, accompanied by a bunch of witty comments.
But now, there is no light screen appearing in front of Xu Yun, let alone any task prompts or anything.
Is the halo offline or malfunctioning?
Or perhaps...
The central figure of this dungeon isn’t William Thomson?
With this doubt in mind, Xu Yun glanced at William Thomson with his peripheral vision.
No matter whether this young man who somewhat resembles a youthful Saruman is the protagonist of this task, at least the positioning of a ’key figure’ can’t escape him.
So what I have to do next is to determine the specific time now.
Then try to stay by his side as much as possible, in order to find the following truth.
......
Unlike Little Niu’s 1665 dungeon.
Nearly two hundred years later, the British have made considerable progress in fashion and visible hygiene habits, at least not as primitive and bizarre as back then.
William Thomson first returned to the carriage to take out a sack of potatoes, then said to Xu Yun and Will:
"Luo Feng, I’m going to the little river up ahead to wash some potatoes. Tonight we’ll have salted smoked meat stew with potatoes."
"You and Will go split the firewood I gathered. The quality of the firewood around here is very good, so I picked a bit more."